There is one common approach which is usually followed to generate a random secret key for a symmetric cipher and then encrypt this key via asymmetric key cryptography. Due to this pattern, the original message itself is encrypted using the symmetric cipher and then using secret key. The receiver after receiving the message decrypts the message. Wanted to also give a small input. I had to implement a very similar function for a project of mine. I can't disclose the algorithm, however. But let me try to give you a couple small hints as to how you could further improve yours. Generating Random Symmetric Keys Problem You want to generate a secure symmetric key. You already have some mechanism for securely transporting the key to anyone who needs it. You - Selection from Secure Programming Cookbook for C and C Book.

  1. Symmetric Key Encryption Example
  2. C Generate Random Symmetric Key System
  3. Symmetric Algorithms
  4. Symmetric Key Generation
  5. C Generate Random Symmetric Keyboard
  6. Symmetric Key Encryption Explained

How to Generate a Symmetric Key by Using the pktool Command

  1. C# Implementation to Encrypt and Decrypt data using a symmetric key: In below implementation, we will use Rijndael Algorithm to encrypt & decrypt data in C#. Below are the few key parameters we will be using in C# implementation. – passPhrase: Passphrase from which a pseudo-random password will be derived.
  2. Demo of Symmetric Key Encryption using OpenSSL. The following is an example of using OpenSSL in Ubuntu Linux to perform symmetric key encryption. DES with ECB mode of operation is used. I have a similar demo of OpenSSL for DES encryption as a screencast.
  3. Oct 05, 2016  The well-known System.Random class lets us generate random numbers quickly. However, the values provided by System.Random are not truly random. Instead, they are pseudo-random. The return values should only be used in case true randomness is not that important, such as in the classic number-guessing game. In case you need a random value to be.
  4. When used as a replacement for Sec Key Generate, set the k Sec Use Keychain key to the keychain (Sec Keychain) into which the key should be stored, k Sec Attr Label to a user-visible label for the key, and k Sec Attr Application Label to an identifier defined by your application, for subsequent use in calls to Sec Item Copy Matching(: :).

Some applications require a symmetric key for encryption and decryption of communications. In this procedure, you create a symmetric key and store it.

If your site has a random number generator, you can use the generator to create a random number for the key. This procedure does not use your site's random number generator.

  1. (Optional)If you plan to use a keystore, create it.
    • To create and initialize a PKCS #11 keystore, see How to Generate a Passphrase by Using the pktool setpin Command.
    • To create and initialize an NSS database, see the sample command in Example 4–5.
  2. Generate a random number for use as a symmetric key.

    Use one of the following methods.

    • Generate a key and store it in a file.

      The advantage of a file-stored key is that you can extract the key from this file to use in an application's key file, such as the /etc/inet/secret/ipseckeys file or IPsec. The usage statement shows the arguments.

      outkey=key-fn

      The filename where the key is stored.

      keytype=specific-symmetric-algorithm

      For a symmetric key of any length, the value is generic. For a particular algorithm, specify aes, arcfour, des, or 3des.

      For FIPS 140-approved algorighms, select a key type that has been validated for FIPS. See FIPS 140 Algorithms in the Cryptographic Framework in Using a FIPS 140 Enabled System in Oracle Solaris 11.2.

      keylen=size-in-bits

      The length of the key in bits. The number must be divisible by 8. Do not specify for des or 3des.

      For FIPS 140-approved algorithms, select a key length that has been validated for FIPS. See FIPS 140 Algorithms in the Cryptographic Framework in Using a FIPS 140 Enabled System in Oracle Solaris 11.2.

      print=n

      Prints the key to the terminal window. By default, the value of print is n.

    • Generate a key and store it in a PKCS #11 keystore.

      The advantage of the PKCS #11 keystore is that you can retrieve the key by its label. This method is useful for keys that encrypt and decrypt files. You must complete Step 1 before using this method. The usage statement shows the arguments. The brackets around the keystore argument indicate that when the keystore argument is not specified, the key is stored in the PKCS #11 keystore.

      label=key-label

      A user-specified label for the key. The key can be retrieved from the keystore by its label.

      keytype=specific-symmetric-algorithm

      For a symmetric key of any length, the value is generic. For a particular algorithm, specify aes, arcfour, des, or 3des.

      For FIPS 140-approved algorithms, select a key type that has been validated for FIPS. See FIPS 140 Algorithms in the Cryptographic Framework in Using a FIPS 140 Enabled System in Oracle Solaris 11.2.

      keylen=size-in-bits

      The length of the key in bits. The number must be divisible by 8. Do not specify for des or 3des.

      For FIPS 140-approved algorithms, select a key length that has been validated for FIPS. See FIPS 140 Algorithms in the Cryptographic Framework in Using a FIPS 140 Enabled System in Oracle Solaris 11.2.

      token=token

      The token name. By default, the token is Sun Software PKCS#11 softtoken.

      sensitive=n

      Specifies the sensitivity of the key. When the value is y, the key cannot be printed by using the print=y argument. By default, the value of sensitive is n.

      extractable=y

      Specifies that the key can be extracted from the keystore. Specify n to prevent the key from being extracted.

      print=n

      Prints the key to the terminal window. By default, the value of print is n.

    • Generate a key and store it in an NSS keystore.

      You must complete Step 1 before using this method. The usage statement shows the arguments.

      label=key-label

      A user-specified label for the key. The key can be retrieved from the keystore by its label.

      keytype=specific-symmetric-algorithm

      For a symmetric key of any length, the value is generic. For a particular algorithm, specify aes, arcfour, des, or 3des.

      For FIPS 140-approved algorithms, select a key type that has been validated for FIPS. See FIPS 140 Algorithms in the Cryptographic Framework in Using a FIPS 140 Enabled System in Oracle Solaris 11.2.

      keylen=size-in-bits

      The length of the key in bits. The number must be divisible by 8. Do not specify for des or 3des.

      For FIPS 140-approved algorithms, select a key length that has been validated for FIPS. See FIPS 140 Algorithms in the Cryptographic Framework in Using a FIPS 140 Enabled System in Oracle Solaris 11.2.

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      token=token

      The token name. By default, the token is the NSS internal token.

      dir=directory

      The directory path to the NSS database. By default, directory is the current directory.

      prefix=directory

      The prefix to the NSS database. The default is no prefix.

  3. (Optional)Verify that the key exists.

    Use one of the following commands, depending on where you stored the key.

    • Verify the key in the key-fn file.
    • Verify the key in the PKCS #11 or the NSS keystore.

      Alternately, replace keystore=pkcs11 with keystore=nss in the command.

Example 3-1 Creating a Symmetric Key by Using the pktool Command

In the following example, a user creates a PKCS #11 keystore for the first time and then generates a large symmetric key for an application. Finally, the user verifies that the key is in the keystore.

Note that the initial password for a PKCS #11 keystore is changeme. The initial password for an NSS keystore is an empty password.

Example 3-2 Creating a FIPS-approved AES Key by Using the

Symmetric Key Encryption Example

pktoolKeyboard Command

In the following example, a secret key for the AES algorithm is created using a FIPS-approved algorithm and key length. The key is stored in a local file for later decryption. The command protects the file with 400 permissions. When the key is created, the print=y option displays the generated key in the terminal window.

The user who owns the keyfile retrieves the key by using the od command.

C Generate Random Symmetric Key System

Example 3-3 Creating a Symmetric Key for IPsec Security Associations

In the following example, the administrator manually creates the keying material for IPsec SAs and stores them in files. Then, the administrator copies the keys to the /etc/inet/secret/ipseckeys file and destroys the original files.

Symmetric Algorithms

First, the administrator creates and displays the keys that the IPsec policy requires:

Symmetric Key Generation

Then, the administrator creates the following /etc/inet/secret/ipseckeys file:

After verifying that the syntax of the ipseckeys file is valid, the administrator destroys the original key files.

C Generate Random Symmetric Keyboard

The administrator copies the ipseckeys file to the communicating system by using the ssh command or another secure mechanism. On the communicating system, the protections are reversed. The first entry in the ipseckeys file protects inbound packets, and the second entry protects outbound packets. No keys are generated on the communicating system.

Next Steps

Symmetric Key Encryption Explained

To proceed with using the key to create a message authentication code (MAC) for a file, see How to Compute a MAC of a File.

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